The Revolutionary Afghan Women's Association Essay

The Revolutionary Afghan Womens linkup - Essay illustrationOutsiders came to know or tried to know more about the tragedies of women life in Afghanistan only subsequently they declared war against terror and visualiseed Afghanistan for destroying Taliban. In fact the strict Islamic receives implemented by Taliban prevented the approach of westerners to the soil of Afghanistan and hence the external world failed to recognize the exact situations in Afghanistan on a lower floor Taliban regime. Moreover Taliban has compel strict control over freedom of expression and hence it was not easy for the foreign media to enter into the Afghan territory. The crisis for afghan women did not begin with Taliban it has been ongoing for a decade starting with the priod of Jehadi fundamentalist rule and civil war (1992-1996) While women were not subject to all of the legal prohibitions as they later were under Taliban rule, the armed factions rampant lawlessness and human rights violations in cluding abductions, rapes, and forced marriages, specifically targeted women.1In order to escape from growth from all corners, some Muslim females under the leadership of Meena have started a movement called Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan (RAWA) in 1977. RAWA, the Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan, was established in Kabul, Afghanistan, in 1977 as an independent political/ cordial organization of Afghan women fighting for human rights and for social justice in Afghanistan. The founders were a number of Afghan woman intellectuals under the sagacious leadership of Meena who in 1987 was assassinated in Quetta, Pakistan, by Afghan agents of the thus KGB in connivance with fundamentalist band of Gulbuddin Hekmatyar. 2 Though RAWA when formed was aimed only at the reclamation of the Muslim females in Afghanistan, later the objectives of RAWA has been integrated to other Muslim countries like Pakistan and Bangladesh as well where the females co pe with torture from male dominated societies. Male dominance

Capital Appraisal Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Capital Appraisal - Research Paper ExampleTotal bell14,000,00022,400,00028,000,00019,600,0009,800,000Gross Profit (Rev-cost) 10,000,0008,400,00011,600,0006,800,000200,000Less Depreciation Expense(1,600,000)(1,600,000)(1,600,000)(1,600,000)(1,600,000)Net Profit/Net Loss8,400,0006,800,00010,000,00052,000,000(1,400,000) enumeration of bills mixYears20082009201020112012Net Income/Net Loss8,400,0006,800,00010,000,00052,000,000(1,400,000)Add Depreciation expense1,600,0001,600,0001,600,0001,600,0001,600,000Cash guide10,000,0008,400,00011,600,0006,800,000200,000 give way Value of Future Cash flowsYears20082009201020112012 post factor0.6210.6830.7510.8260.909Cash Flow10,000,0008,400,00011,600,0006,800,000200,000Present Value6,210,0005,737,2008,711,6005,616,800181,800Present Value of termination Cash Flow$Present Value Interest factor0.621Salvage Value + Working Capital4,000,000Present Value of Terminal Cash Flow2,484,000Calculation of Net Present Value$Present Value of Cash Flows26,457,4 00Present Value of Terminal Cash Flow2,484,000Total Cash Flow28,941,400Less Initial Investment (17,050,000)Net Present Value11,891,400Option 2 Initial Investment (Cash Outflow)$Research & Development Expenditure5,000,000Since the manufacturing and tradeing has been outsourced by Newton to another company Faraday Electricals Ltd, Newton does not have to bear any fixed or variable costs.Calculation of IncomeYears20082009201020112012Royalty Payment (No. of Units)880,0001,540,0001,980,0001,320,000550,000x Royalty Payment/unit55555Total Income4,400,0007,700,0009,900,0006,600,0002,750,000The income is the money flow that will be discounted at the present value factors as... 1. Newton has three extracts with respect to the operation of the business. The first option is to manufacture market and sell the products itself the second option is to outsource the entire manufacturing and marketing of the products to another company Faraday Electricals Ltd and receive royal line payments and th e third option is to sell the patent rights to Faraday Electricals Ltd and receive the money from it.2. There are many factors that should be taken into account besides the calculation of Net Present Value (NPV) before making a decision. If the vengeance period is calculated for option 1, it is 1.83 years which means that the initial investment is recovered in less than 2 years. Payback period for option 2 is 2.5 years and payback period for option 3 is 2.42 years. The payback period suggests that Newton should consider option 1 as it has the lowest payback period. However, payback period has its flaws which make it a less reliable method in making decisions. firstly the payback method ignores all the cash flows that are generated after the payback period and secondly it gives jibe weights to all the cash flows before the payback period despite the fact that the more distant cash flows are less valuable.IRR for option 1 is 42%, IRR for option 2 is 25% and IRR for option 3 is 26%.